Polygamy: according to hinduism

Polygamy according to Hindu dharma shastras

It is suggested theoretically by some that Brahmins can have four wives - one from each of the castes. Kshatriyas can have three (from each caste) the vaishyas can have 2 and the sudras only one.

Sûdra woman can take a husband of any of the three castes above her own.
a Vaisya woman may take a husband of two different castes; and a Kshatriya woman may take a husband of one different caste.

Almost all dharma shastras permit it
But extra maritial affairs are strictly prohibited.
For example

Nārada Smrti 12;61

A man (married or single is not specified) is not punishable as an adulterer for having intercourse with a woman separated from her husband (through no fault of her own), or the wife of a homosexual, or a consumptive, if the woman herself consents to it.

Nārada Smrti 12.78, 79

Intercourse is permitted with a wanton woman who belongs to a non-brahmin caste, or a prostitute, a female servant, a woman who has left her family, if these women belong to a lower caste than oneself; but with the women of higher caste intercourse is forbidden.

When however such a woman is the de facto of another man, intercourse with her is as criminal as with another man's wife. Such women, though intercourse with them is not forbidden, must not be approached because they belong to another man.

Polygamy was widely practiced by the kings)
However the monogamy is prescribed
Because Shri Rama is considered to be the Ideal man and his act of having only one wife is considered the best.

Sources from Manu smriti, vasistha dharma shastra and narada smriti

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